Mahabharat, Hinduo ka ek pramukh kavya-granth h jo smriti itihas varg me aata hai. Kbhi – kabhi ise kewal Bharat kaha jata hai. Yah granth Bharat ka anukram Dharmik, Etihasik, Pauranik aur Darsnik granth hai. Yah visva ka sabse lamba Sahityik aur Mahakavya, Hinduo ke mukhyatam grantho me se ek hai. Hindu dharm me ise kafi mana jata hai aur iski pooja ki jati hai. Hindu Dharm me Mahabharat granth ko panchva ved mana jata hai. Is granth ko Sahitya ki rachnao me sbse uttam mana jata hai, Aaj bhi yah granth prtayek bhartiya k liye uttam gyan ka shrot hai. Mahabhart granth bharitya itihaas ko dohrati hai aur isi granth me Hindu dharm ki sbse pavitra granth Bhagwadgeeta sanhit hai. Is granth me 1,10,000 shlok hai, Jo ki Unani kavyo aur Udisi se 10 guna adhik hai.
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Mahabharat ka Itihas
Prampragat rup se, Mahabharat ki rachna ka shrey Vedvyas Ji ko diya jata hai. Iski etihasik vriddhi sanrachnagat prto ko janne k liye kafi pryas kiye gye hai. Maha granth ko shayad tisri shtabdi isa-purv aur tisri shtabdi ke bich ikttha kiya gya tha, Jisme sbse purane bhag 400 isa purv se purane nhi the. Mahabharat ke anusar, katha ko 24,000 shloko ke ek chhote sansakaran se alag kiya jata hai, jise Bharat kaha jata hai. Hindu manyatao ke anusar, pauranik sandrbho aur swayam Mahabharat ke anusar is granth k rachnakar Vedvyas ko mana jata hai.
Vedvyas Ji ko Mahabharat granth ki rachna krne me 3 saal lag gye the, shayad iska karn yah ho skta hai ki us samay tk likhne ki kla utni viksit nhi hui thi. Us samay me grantho ko rishiyo ke dwara pidhi-dr-pidhi maukhik rup se yad krk surakshit rkha jata tha. Us samay Sanskrit rishiyo ki bhasha thi aur Brahmi aam bolchal ki bhasha thi aur is tarah rishiyo k dwara is granth ko hjaro salo tk smbbhal k rkha gya. Fir dhire – dhire samay ke prabhav se unke vaidik sahityo ko yad rkhne ki kshamta vilupt hone lgi aur tb se vaidik sahityo ko pandulipiyo me likhkr rkha jane lga. Yah manyta hai ki Mahabharat aadhunik rup se kyi awasthao se gujra hai.
Sankshipt Varnan
Is katha ka puri trh se vivran is prakar se hai…..
- Chandravansh se Kuruvansh ki utapatti.
- Pandu ka Rajyabishek .
- Karn ka janam, Lakshagrah shadyantra aur Draupadi ka Svayanvar.
- Indraprasth ki sthapna.
- Pandvo ka visvavijay aur unka vanwas.
- Shantidut Shrikrishna, Yudh ki suruwat aur Shrikrishan ka Arjun ko Geeta ka updesh.
- Pitamah Bhishma aur Aacharya Dron ka vadh.
- Angraj Karn, Mama Shalya aur Duryodhan vadh.
- Duryodhan vadh aur Mahabharat ki smapti.
- Yadukul ka sanhar aur Pandvo ka Swargagaman.
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Chandravansh se Kuruvansh ki utapatti
Kuru ke vansh mein Shaantanu ka janm hua. Shaantanu se Gangaanandan Bheeshm utpann hue. Unke do chhote bhaee aur the – Chitraangad aur Vchitraveery. Ye Shaantanu se Satyavati ke garbh se utpann hue the. Shaantanu ke svargalok chale jaane par Bheeshm ne avivaahit rah kar apane bhaee Vichitraveery ke raajy ka paalan kiya. Chitraangad bachpan me hi Chitraangad naam vale Gandharv ke dvara mare gye. Fir Bheeshm sangraam mein vipakshi ko prast krke Kashiraj ke do kanyao – Ambika aur Ambalika ko utha laye. Ve dono Vichitraveery ki patni hui.
Kuchh samay ke bad raja Vichitraveery bimari se grst ho svargavas ho gye. Tab Satyavati ke anumati se Vyasaji ke dvara Ambika ke garbh se raja Dhrtarashtr aur Ambaalika ke garbh se Pandu utpann hue. Dhrtarashtr ne Gandhari ke garbh se 100 putron ko janm diya, Jinme Duryodhan sbse bda tha aur paandu ke Yudhishtar, Bheem, Arjun, Nakul, Sahadev aadi panch putr hue.
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Pandu ka Rajya Abhishek
Dratrastra bachpan se hi andhe the isliye Pandu ko raj gaddi pr bithaya gya, Isse hmesha hi Dhratrasta ko krodh ata aur Pandu se jalne lgte. Pandu ne pure Bharatvarsh ko jitkr apne Kuru rajya ki seema ko bdhaya. Ek bar raja Pandu apne dono patniyo – Kunti aur Madree – ke saath shikar ke liye jungle me gye. Yaha unhe ek mrg ka sambhog krte hue joda dikha. Pandu ne turant apne ban se us mrg ko ghayal kr diya.Mrte huye mrgarupadhari nirdosh rishi ne Pandu ko shap diya, “Rajan! tumhare sman krur purush is sansaar me koi bhi nhi hoga.
Tumne mujhe sambhog ke samay ban mara hai isliye jb kbhi bhi tum sambog kroge tumhari mrityu ho jayegi. Ek din raja Pandu Madri ke sath jungle me sarita ke tat pr ghum kr rhe the. Vatavaran kafi sundr tha aur sheetal-mand-sugandhit vayu chal rhi thi, Ek vayu ke jhonke se madri ka vastr ud gaya. isse Pandu ka man chanchal ho utha aur ve sambhog krne lge hi the ki shapvash unki mrityu ho gyi.
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Karn ka janm, Lakshagrah shadyantra aur Dropadi svanyavar
Jb Kunti ka vivah nhi hua tha, usi samay (surya ke ansh se) unke grbh se Karn ka janm hua tha, Prantu lok laj ke dr se Kunti ne Karn ko ek bkse me bnd krke Ganga nadi me baha diya. Karn Ganga ji me bhta hua ja raha tha ki maharaj Dhrtarashtr ke sarathi Adhirath aur unke patni Radha ne use dekha aur use god le liya. Karn Prashuram ka ek bahut hi parishrami aur nipun shishya bana. Karn Duryodhan ke aashray me rhta tha. Sakuni ke chhl kapat se bachpan se hi Kauravo aur Pandvo me jln ki bhavna paida ho gi thi. Duryodhan bahut hi khoti buddhi ka tha.
Usne bachpn me hi kyi bar apne pandav bhaiyo ko marne ki kosis ki thi. Ek bar to Sakuni ke chhl se unhone pure pandav parivar ko lakh k ghr me bulakr vha pr aag lga diya, kintu Vidur ki sahayata se unhe vha se bhagne me saflta prapt hui. Iske bad ve ekchakra nagar me jakr bs gye aur vha ve ek muni ke yha rhne lg gye. Fir Vyas ji ke kehne pr ve Panchal rajya me gya, Jaha Draupadi ka svayanvar ho rha tha. Panchal rajya me Arjun ke lakshya-bhedn ki kla matsyabhed krke Draupadi ko patni rup me prapt kiya.
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Indraprasth ki Sthapna.
Draupadi svayanvar ke phle Vidur ko chhod kr sabhi Pandvo ko mrit smjha jane lga aur is karn Dhrtrashtr ne is karan Shakuni ke kahne pr Duryodhan ko yuvaraj bna diya. Draupadi svayanvar ke phle Vidur ko chhod kr sabhi Pandvo ko mrit smjha jane lga aur is karn Dhrtrashtr ne is karan Shakuni ke kahne pr Duryodhan ko yuvaraj bna diya. Pandukumar Arjun ne Shrikrishna ke sath Khandavavan ko jla diya. Indr apne putr Arjun ke veerta dekh kr atiprasann hue. Indr ke kahne pr dev shilpi Vishvakarma aur may daanav ne milkr Khandavavan ko Indrapuri jitne bhavy nagar me nirmit kar diya, jise Indraprasth nam diya gya.
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Pandvo ka Visvavijay aur unka Vanwas.
Sbhi Pandav sb prakar ke vidyaon mein praveen the. Pandavon ne sampoorn dishaon pr vijay payi aur Yudhishthir rajy krne lge. Unka yah vaibhav Duryodhan ke liye asahniya ho utha. usne apne bhai Dusshasan aur vaibhav praapt suhrd karn ke kahne se Shakuni ko sath le, Dyoot-Sabha mein juye me, pravrit hokar, Yudhishthir ko uske bhaiyo, Draupadi aur unke rajy ko kapat-dyoot ke dvara hste-hste jeet liya. Duryodhan ne Kuru rajya sbha me draupadi ka bahut apamaan kiya, use nirvastr karane ka prayaas kiya. Draupadi sabhi logo ko shrap dene hi vali thi prantu Gandhari ne aakr aisa hone se rok diya. Sath hi me juye me prast ho kr Yudhishthir apne bhaiyon ke sath jungle me chle gye. vha unhone apne pratigya ke anusar barah varsh vyateet kiye.
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Shantidut Shrikrishna, Yudh ki suruwat aur Shrikrishan ka Arjun ko Geeta ka updesh
Dharmaraj Yudhishthir saat sena ke swami hokar kauravon ke saath yuddh krne ko taiyar hue. Phle bhagavan Shreekrishn param krodhi Duryodhan ke pas doot bankr gye. Unhone gyarah sena ke swami raja Duryodhan se kaha-
Rajan! tum Yudhishthir ko aadha rajy de do ya unhe panch hi ganv arpit kar do, nhi to unke sath yuddh kro.
Shrikrishna ki bat sunkar Duryodhan ne kaha – Main unhe sui ke nok ke brabr bhoomi bhi nhi dunga, ha, unse yuddh avashy krunga.
Aisa kehkr vah bhagavan Shrikrishna ko bandi bnane ke liye khde ho gya. Us samay rajasbha me bhagavan Shrikrishna ne apne prm Durdharsh vishvaroop ka darshan krakar Duryodhan ko bhayabhit kr diya. Fir vidur ne apne ghar le jakar bhagavan ka pujan aur stkar kiya.
Yudhishthir aur Duryodhan ke sena Kurukshetr ke maidan me ja khde hue. apne vipaksh me pitamah bheeshm aur aacharya Dron aadi gurujano ko dekh kr Arjun yuddh se virat ho gaye, Tb bhagavan Shrikrishna ne unse kha-“Parth! Bhishm aadi gurujan shok ke yogy nhi hai. Manushya ka shareer vinashsheel hai, kintu aatma ka kbhi nash nhi hota. yah atma hi parbrahm hai.
‘Mai brahm hu – Is prakar tum us aatma ko samajho. kary ke siddhi aur asiddhi me smanabhav se rahkr karmayog ka aashray le kshatradharm ka paalan karo.’
Kaurav aur Pandav – sena ka vah yuddh, devasur – sangraam ke sman jaan pdta tha. Aakash me khade hokar dekhne vale devataon ko vah yuddh bada aanand dayak prateet ho rha tha. Bheeshm ne das dino tk Yuddh krke Pandavo ke adhikansh sena ko apne bano se mar giraya.
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Pitamah Bhishma aur Aacharya Dron ka vadh
Dasve din Arjun ne veervr Bheeshm pr bano ke badee bhari vrshti kee. Dono or ke hathiswar, ghudswar, rathi aur paidal ek-dusre ke bano se mare gye. Bhishm ke mrityu unke ichchha ke adheen the. Jb Pandavo ko ye smjh me aa gya ki Bheeshm ke rhte vo is Yuddh ko nhi jeet skte to Shrikrishna ke sujhav par unhone Bheeshm Pitamah se hi unke mrityu ka upay puchha. Unhone kha ki jb tk mere hath me shastr hai tb tk Mahadev ke atirikt mujhe koi nhi hra skta. Unhone ne hi Pandavo ko sujhav diya ki Shikhandi ko samne krke yuddh lade. Vo jante the ki Shikhandi purv janm me Amba the isliye vo use kanya hi mante the. 10ve din ke Yuddh me Arjun ne Shikhandi ko age apne rath pr bithaya.
Shikhandi ko age dekh kr Bheeshm ne apna dhanush tyag diya. Unke shastr tyagne ke bad Arjun ne unhe bano ki shayya pr sula diya. Bheeshm ke ban-shayya pr gir jane ke bad jb Duryodhan shok se vyakul ho utha, tb Aachaary Dron ne senapatitv ka bhar grahan kiya. Us samay Dron kal ke sman jaan pdte the. Itne hi me unke kano me yah aavaj aayi ki Ashvatthama mara gya. Itna sunate hi Aachaary Dron ne astr shastr tyag diye. Aise samay me Dhrshtadyumn ke bano se aahat ho kr ve prthvi pr gir pde.
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Angraj Karn, Mama Shalya aur Duryodhan vadh
Karn aur arjun ke sangraam me Karn ne apne bano se shatru-paksh ke bahut-se veero ka sanhaar kr dala, ydyapi Yuddh gatirodhapurn ho rha tha lekin Karn tab ulajh gya jb uske rth ka ek pahiya dharatee me dhans gya (dharatee mata ke shrap ke karan). Vah apne ko daiveey astron ke prayog me bhi asamarth pata hai, Jesa ki uske guru parashuram ka shrap tha. Tb Karn apne rath ke pahiye ko nikalne ke liye niche utrta hai aur Arjun se nivedan krta hai ki vah yuddh ke niyamo ka palan krte hue kuchh der ke liye uspar baan chlana band kar de. Tb Shrikrishna, Arjun se khte hai ki Karn ko koi adhikar nhi hai ki vah ab yuddh niyamo aur dharm ki bat kre.
Shrikrishna khte hai ki ydi Arjun ne is nirnayak mod par abhi Karn ko nhi mara to sambhavatah Pandav use kbhi bhi nhi mar skenge aur yah yuddh kbhi bhi nhi jeeta ja skega. tb, Arjun ne ek daiveey astr ka upyog krte hue Karn ka sir dhad se alg kr diya. Karn ke shareer ke bhoomi pr girne ke bad ek jyoti karn ke shareer se nikali aur sury me smahit ho gyi. Uske bad raja shaly Kaurav-sena ke senapti hue, kintu ve yuddh me adhe din tk hi tik ske. Dopahar hote-hote raja yudhishthir ne unhen maar diya.
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Duryodhan vadh aur Mahabharat ki Smapti.
Duryodhan ki pray, sari sena yuddh mein mari gyi thi. Antatogatva uska Bheemasen ke sath yuddh hua. Usne pandav-paksh ke paidal aadi bahut-se sainiko ka vadh krke Bheemasen pr dhava kiya. Us samay gada se prahar krte hue Duryodhan ke anya chhote bhai bhi Bheemasen ke hi hath se mare gye the. Mahabharat-sangram ke us atharahaven din ratrikal me mahabali Ashvatthama ne Pandavo ke soye hue ek sena ko sada ke liye sula diya. Bheemasen aadi bhaiyo ke sath jakr Yudhishthir ne unhe santvna di aur ranbhoomi me mare gye sbhi veeron ka daah-sanskar krke unke liye jlanjali de dhan aadi ka dan kiya. Fir ve rajasinhasan pr aaseen hue.
Iske bad un shatrumardan raja ne ashvamegh yagy krke usme brahmano ko bhut dhan dan kiya. Uske bad Dvarka se laute hue Arjun ke mukh se moosalakand ke karan prapt hue shap se parasparik yuddh dvara yadavo ke sanhaar ka samachaar sunakar yudhishthir ne pareekshit ko rajasan pr bithaya aur svayan bhaiyon ke saath mahaprasthaan kr svargalok ko chle gye.
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Yadukul ka sanhar aur Pandvo ka Swargagaman
Buddhiman raja sansar ki anityata ka vichar krke Draupadi aur bhaiyo ko sath le himalay ki trf mahaprasthan ke path pr agrsr hue. Us mahapath me kramash: Draupadi, Sahadev, Nakul, Arjun aur Bheemasen ek-ek krke gir pde. Isse raja shokamagn ho gye. Uske bad ve indr ke dvara laye hue rath pr aaroodh ho (divy roop dhari) bhaiyo sahit svarg ko chle gye. Vha unhone Duryodhan aadi sbhi Dhrtarashtra putro ko dekha. Uske bad (un pr kripa krne ke liye apne dham se pdhare hue) bhagvan vasudev ka bhi darshn kiya isse unhe bdi prasannata hui yah maine tumhe Mahabharat ka prasang sunaya hai. Jo iska path krega, Vah svargalok me smmanit hoga.
| Writer | Mahrshi Vedvyas |
| Book Language | Hindi |
| Book Size | 39.1 MB |
| Total Pages | 620 |
| Category | Religiuos |
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